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How to add third-party cameras to VIGI NVR via RTSP

Introduction

Some older camera models do not support the ONVIF protocol, necessitating the use of the RTSP protocol to add these devices to the NVR. Once successfully added, the camera’s video feed can be viewed on the NVR and stored within it.

Configuration

To add a camera via RTSP, the VIGI NVR’s GUI must be used, which requires connecting an external VGA or HDMI display to the NVR. Additionally, you must verify the RTSP stream URL from the camera manufacturer’s website before proceeding.

This article will use a Tapo Camera as an example to demonstrate how to add a camera to the VIGI NVR using the RTSP protocol:

Step 1. Connect the camera and the NVR to the same subnet. Check the camera’s IP address and the RTSP stream URL on the camera manufacturer’s website.

Step 2. Right-click on the VIGI NVR GUI to go to Settings.

Step 3. In the device list, click Add Manually, select the RTSP protocol, and enter the camera’s IP address, along with the admin username and password.

Step 4. Click Manage RTSP, select a RTSP protocol, and specify the parameters

Step 5. Enter the camera’s RTSP stream URL, then click Save

Step 6. The third-party camera is successfully added to the VIGI NVR using the RTSP protocol.

Quality Essential Distribution Limited (QED), one of the UK’s leading trade-only distributors of end-to-end CCTV and security solutions, has today announced the successful completion of a management buyout (MBO), led by Managing Director Ian Garden and backed by HSBC UK, MHA and CG Professional

Founded in 1997, QED has built an enviable reputation over the past 27 years as a trusted supply partner to integrators and installers, providing a full spectrum of CCTV and security products – from cables and components to fully implemented and managed systems. The company has been instrumental in delivering solutions across some of the UK’s most prestigious blue-chip companies and security-critical infrastructure.

The MBO, supported with financing from HSBC, marks a pivotal moment in QED’s journey and positions the business to accelerate its next phase of growth. Under Ian Garden’s continued leadership, the company will pursue a dual-track strategy of double-digit organic growth and targeted mergers and acquisitions, leveraging its strong foundations and sector expertise.

Ian Garden, who has served as Sales Director of QED for the past six years and brings over three decades of experience in CCTV, networking, and integrated systems, commented

“I am raring to go and so excited I cannot sleep, backed by an amazing management team and the full support of HSBC. This is the starting pistol that sets me off to an amazing finish!”

The transaction underscores a broader market trend of strategic consolidation in the security distribution space and highlights the strength of QED’s value proposition in an increasingly sophisticated and mission-critical sector.

The company remains committed to delivering exceptional service to its loyal base of trade customers, while expanding its capabilities to meet the evolving needs of the market.

What is Martyn’s Law?

The Terrorism (Protection of Premises) Act 2025, otherwise known as Martyn’s Law, received Royal Assent on the 3rd of April 2025. There will be an implementation period of two years before the Act comes into force to enable premises to act on their new obligations. The purpose of Martyn’s Law is to provide a framework whereby premises with certain capacities are prepared for, and protected against, terrorist attacks to reduce their impact. The driving force behind the proposed legislation is Figen Murray, the mother of Martyn Hett who was tragically killed alongside 21 others in the Manchester Arena terrorist attack in 2017. Martyn’s Law legislation will apply across England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

The aim of Martyn’s Law is to improve the safety and security of public venues and keep the public safe from terrorism. The Law will ensure that public premises that reasonably expect 200 – 799 individuals to be present at the same time will be covered by the STANDARD TIER. Premises or events reasonably expecting 800 or more individuals to be present at the same time will be covered by the ENHANCED TIER. Apart from the capacity, premises that fall within the scope of the new legislation must be accessible to the public and used for a purpose listed in the Act such as entertainment, retail, leisure etc. so will include music venues, theatres, and department stores. Provision has been made for temporary event spaces such as festivals.

A Government Regulator will be established through a new function of the Security Industry Authority (SIA). Refer factsheet here.

Requirements:

STANDARD TIER

There were several concerns raised during consultations under the last Government with an emphasis on avoiding undue burdens on smaller premises whilst ensuring public protection. Premises within the standard tier will be required to have in place appropriate and reasonably practicable public protection procedures to reduce the risk of physical harm in the event of an attack. Venues that fall into the standard tier must notify the Regulator they have become responsible for premises within the scope of the Act.
Broadly, it is not expected that physical alterations be undertaken at standard tier premises however, workers will need to be sufficiently instructed or trained to conduct procedural measures effectively. It should be noted that all schools and places of worship will be placed within the Standard Tier regardless of their capacity.

IMPACT ON SCHOOLS

All schools, irrespective of their capacity, will fall under the STANDARD TIER. During the two-year implementation period schools will be advised to take reasonable steps to improve their preparedness for potential threats. Schools should be reviewing their current arrangements via enhanced security risk assessments and training, with an emphasis on those risks from terrorism. They should be undertaking a terrorism risk assessment, a draft evaluation of which has been published by the Home Office Draft your evaluation.

A natural area for review will be the school’s lockdown procedure. We know that a school’s lockdown alert must sound distinctive to the fire alert, as one means stay on the premises and find a place of safety whilst the other is to evacuate. To solidify their processes, the draft terrorism risk assessment asks how people on the premises will be informed that it has locked down and that they should not attempt to leave due to a threat outside.

Schools may therefore wish to introduce a quickly identifiable audible and/or visual alert system as part of their preparedness. At the very least schools should be reviewing their current emergency plans and seeking security advice.

Compliance with Martyn’s Law is likely to form part of the Ofsted inspection process and failure to comply may lead to improvement notices being issued.

It should be noted that whilst all schools, irrespective of capacity will fall under standard tier regulations, higher education premises will be assessed according to capacity as they are generally more openly accessible to members of the public and are more frequently used for events.

ENHANCED TIER

Larger venues must notify the Regulator of their event. They must ensure they take ‘reasonably practicable’ measures to reduce the risk of a terrorist attack occurring or physical harm being caused. They must keep and maintain a security document, aided by an assessment of the terrorism risk. They must also assign a designated senior individual for the premise or event to oversee and ensure compliance with the additional requirements.

Fines for non-compliance are expected to be up to £10,000 for Standard Tier premises and up to £18 million or 5% of global company revenue for Enhanced Tier premises.

The Regulator will monitor compliance and advise premises within the scope of the Bill. Measures to address non-compliance and full monetary sanctions are yet to be announced.

Click here to check out Luminite’s Alertex Range!

VIGI Insight Series Webinar – Smarter Surveillance for Your Business

Join us for an exclusive Quality Essential Distribution and VIGI by TP-Link webinar, on Tuesday 13th May, where experts will be showcasing the brand new VIGI Insight Series security camera range from TP-Link.

A leader in networking and surveillance solutions, VIGI by TP-Link products are designed to empower your business with simple installation, easy deployment, and a wide-ranging product line-up built to provide complete protection and peace of mind.

The VIGI Insight Series cameras offer premium security featuring 4K Ultra HD, advanced AI functionality and sharper image detection – delivering smarter, more reliable surveillance solutions for any and all businesses!

Steve K, Regional Sales Manager & Daryl B, Pre-Sales Engineer, both of TP-Link, will be demonstrating products to all of our webinar attendees.

Don’t miss out on this fantastic opportunity with the wonderful people at TP-Link, sign-up now!

Check Out VIGI By TP-Link Here! 👉qedgroup.vigibytplink

Compatible with TP-Link 226mm desktop switch with rackmount holes and other products.
If not sure about the model of the switch, please measure the size of the mounting ears and the hole spacing of the switch, can be used if they match.
Reliable metal materials are selected, which are sturdy and durable, and the installation is firm and not easy to fall.
There are many compatible models, please pay attention to the size of the machine.

𝐐𝐄𝐃 𝐢𝐬 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐩 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞!

On June 20^th from 1pm until late, the company will host a charity barbeque at its headquarters to raise funds for St Catherine’s Hospice.

Tech enthusiasts and food lovers alike can enjoy a day of free food, live entertainment, and exciting product showcases from leading sponsors. TP-Link will be demonstrating IP Cameras as well as Network Switches from their demo van, whilst Seagate, Vestel and Gardener Engineering will showcase hard drives, monitors and mounting solutions respectively.

For every pre-registration, QED will donate £1 to St Catherines Hospice, with a further £1 being donated for every attendee. On the day, visitors can take part in a raffle, enjoy a magician’s performance, and soak up the atmosphere with music and networking opportunities. Meeting rooms will also be available for those looking to mix business with pleasure.

Representatives from St Catherines Hospice will be present to share insights into their vital work caring for patients and families across Chorley, Preston and South Ribble.

For us, our “Good People” ethos extends beyond our business. We want to support the people and communities around us, and we are incredibly proud to be teaming up with St. Catherine’s for our charity barbeque event. We believe commitment to making a difference aligns the two of us.

Because let’s be honest, at the heart of everything, it’s always about the people.

Pre-register now to secure your spot and support a fantastic cause!

Sign-Up Here! 👉 mailchi.mp/16a5be2941af/qed-st-catherines-hospice-bbq

Donate Here! 👉 www.stcatherines.co.uk/support-us/donate/

VIGI Mobile App

VIGI is dedicated to providing small and medium-sized enterprises with simple, intelligent, professional and reliable surveillance solutions, products, and services. Following the “4E” design principle (Easy Planning, Easy Installation, Easy Setup, Easy Maintenance), VIGI solutions can promote your business growth and security comprehensively. VIGI products, including cameras, NVRs, solar panels, VIGI VMS, etc., are tailored for various scenarios such as retail, hotels, schools, restaurants, offices, etc.

In addition, all VIGI devices can be integrated into VIGI VMS to achieve centralized management.

VIGI App provides a convenient access to VIGI devices and VIGI VMS. With VIGI App installed on your Android/iOS phone or pad, you can access and manage VIGI devices easily.

VIGI App supports both local management and cloud management. Even without logging into the App via the TP-Link ID, you can manage VIGI devices connected to the same network with your phone/pad; after binding a TP-Link ID, you can remotely access and manage VIGI devices through the cloud.

Get started with the TP-Link VIGI app

Download and install the VIGI app from the Apple App Store or Google Play.

Open the VIGI app and log in with your TP-Link ID. If you don’t have an account, sign up first.

Tap the + button on the top right and scan the QR code on your camera. You can find the QR code printed on the product label of your camera.

Follow the app instructions and set a device password to activate the device.

Set the time zone, and give a name to your device.

Tap Done to finish the setup, and now you can view and manage the camera.

Easily manage devices with the TP-Link VIGI app

After adding cameras to the VIGI app, on the Live View page, you can keep an eye on what’s important to you real time from anywhere with the VIGI app.

You can adjust the live view display on the Device Control page. You can tap More Settings on the My Devices page or tap the gear icon on the Live View page to enter the Device Settings page. On the Device Control page, you can change the camera settings of your camera to meet various needs.

Follow the app instructions to configure the settings. You can enable HLC, set LED status, change the video direction, configure WDR, disable the microphone or adjust the microphone volume (for certain cameras), adjust the speaker/alarm volume (for certain cameras), set the night vision and light brightness (for certain cameras).

Get instant notifications

On the VIGI app, enable motion detection, set custom activity areas, set boundaries, and more. Then, you can get instant notifications when the camera detects motion and receive alerts when someone crosses boundaries, enters an area, or blocks the camera. You can get instant alerts on your phone faster than email alerts.

Conclusion

The VIGI app is designed to be compatible with all VIGI devices. It lets you fully control your VIGI cameras and VIGI NVRs, all from one app. With simple device onboarding and cloud service, you can manage your security from the palm of your hand at any time, without relying on an additional monitor or computer. The TP-Link VIGI app provides real-time visibility into your business security from anywhere.

How to Create an Account in VIGI App

If you have a TP-Link account:

Open the VIGI app and enter your account information to log in.

If you don’t have a TP-Link account:

1. Open the VIGI app and tap Sign Up.

2. Enter a valid email address and create your own password. Then a verification email will be sent to your inbox and you need to finish the verification within an hour.

3. Open your mailbox and find the verification email. Click the Click to Finish Registration button in the email to activate the TP-Link account.

4. Once the account is activated, open the VIGI app and enter the account information just registered to log in.

We regret to inform you that SpiderEx, our spider repellent spray, has been discontinued and is no longer available for purchase.

Why has SpiderEx been discontinued?

Due to changes in EU regulations, one of the ingredients in SpiderEx is no longer compliant. As a result, we have made the decision to discontinue the product. While SpiderEx has been a favourite among installers and security professionals, we remain committed to providing compliant and effective solutions.

What was SpiderEx?

SpiderEx Spider Spray is an aerosol spray specially formulated to help remove spiders & reduce nesting in almost any area it is sprayed.

You won’t need a spider catcher as SpiderEx has been specially formulated to help remove spiders and reduce nesting in almost any area it’s sprayed.

SpiderEx is an effective spider spray deterrent that can be used in your home, caravan, garden shed and many other areas.

Its clear odourless coating stops spiders and other creepy crawly insects.

You can also spray on your CCTV camera housing to stop spiders from nesting which is the main cause of false alarms. The security industry even uses SpiderEx in the Euro Tunnel!

Was SpiderEx Suitable for IR Cameras?

Absolutely! SpiderEx was well-suited for use with IR cameras. Thanks to its clear, odourless formula, it wouldn’t have interfered with camera visibility or leave behind sticky residue that might have attracted dust. This made it an excellent choice for protecting surveillance equipment such as Hikvision, Dahua, or Axis infrared cameras. By applying SpiderEx around camera housings, you could have kept spiders at bay and minimised those frustrating false motion alerts caused by wandering webs.

Features & Benefits

Multi-purpose

Formulated to help remove spiders & reduce nesting in almost any area it is sprayed. Also effective on flying and crawling insects.

Reduce False Alarms

If you have CCTV cameras you can dramatically reduce false alarms by spraying SpiderEx around the camera housing.

Clear & Odourless Coating

The spider spray doesn’t leave a sticky residue and it’s clear odourless coating stops spiders and other creepy crawly insects.

The TL-SG108S adopts lower power consumption design. With the innovative energy-efficient technology, the TL-SG108S can save power consumption, making it an eco-friendly solution for your home or office network.

Key Features:

8 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-Negotiation RJ45 ports supporting Auto-MDI/MDIX
Green Ethernet technology saves power consumption
IEEE 802.3x flow control provides reliable data transfer
Steel housing, desktop or wall-mounting design
Support 802.1p/DSCP QoS and IGMP Snooping function
Plug and play, with no configuration needed

Plug and Play design, with no configuration required, makes the product easy to use. Moreover, TL-SG105S adopts lower power consumption design. With the innovative energy-efficient technology, the TL-SG105S can save power consumption, making it an eco-friendly solution for your home or office network.

Key Features:

5 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-Negotiation RJ45 ports supporting Auto-MDI/MDIX
Green Ethernet technology saves power consumption
IEEE 802.3x flow control provides reliable data transfer
Steel housing, desktop or wall-mounting design
Support 802.1p/DSCP QoS and IGMP Snooping function
Plug and play, no configuration needed

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Quality Essential Distribution Limited are GDPR compliant, please find a copy of our
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Terms & Conditions

1. Interpretation

1.1. For the purposes of this document ‘the Company’ and “QED” both mean Quality Essential Distribution Limited and ‘Buyer’ means any company, organisation or person placing orders for or purchasing goods or services from the Company.

1.2. ‘Contract’ means the legal agreement between the Company and the Buyer to which these terms and conditions relate.

2. Basis of Contract

2.1. These conditions shall govern any Contract between QED and the Buyer to the exclusion of any other terms or conditions and shall supersede any previous terms and conditions issued by QED

2.2. Any orders placed by the Buyer which do not state acceptance of these terms and conditions will still be subject to them and any terms or conditions which the Buyer may purport to apply under any offer, order or similar document or in any correspondence and which conflict with these terms and conditions shall be of no effect.

2.3. Any variation of these terms and conditions shall be inapplicable unless agreed in writing by QED.

3. Delivery

3.1. Dates for delivery are estimates only and are not guaranteed and time is not of the essence in relation to such dates.

3.2. QED will use reasonable endeavours to deliver on the delivery dates requested.

3.3. QED shall have no liability in respect of late delivery of goods ordered.

3.4. Where products are delivered in instalments, each delivery will be subject to a delivery charge if the value of the goods to be delivered is below the minimum carriage paid order value (as set from time to time by QED) or if delivery by instalments is requested.

3.5. If a delivery of goods is refused then an additional charge for re-delivery will be applied.

4. Returns and Cancellations

4.1. Without prejudice to any other provision of these terms and conditions, any order cancelled by the Buyer where such cancellation is accepted by QED will nevertheless incur a cancellation charge to cover any expenses which QED has incurred.

4.2. If the Buyer requests cancellation of an order comprising goods which have been ordered in specifically for the Buyer then the Buyer will be charged and liable to pay at the option of QED either the full invoice value of such goods (in which case the Buyer shall be entitled to supply of the goods) or a cancellation charge which equates to any expenses incurred by QED (including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing carriage and administration costs) in connection with the cancelled order.

4.3. No goods will be accepted back for credit unless returned at the Buyer’s expense and in “as new” condition within original packing and with instructions.

4.4. QED reserves the right to refuse to accept the return of goods from the Buyer if they were ordered specially for the Buyer or are not in “as new” condition, or are not in their original packing or are without instructions originally supplied.

5. Guarantees and Repairs

5.1. Subject to the succeeding provisions of this clause 5, QED will honour a manufacturer’s warranty only in respect of goods claimed to be defective, and then only within 12 month from date the relevant goods were invoiced to the Buyer by QED.

5.2. Any goods accepted by QED to be faulty out of box will be replaced free of charge.

5.3. Any goods installed which are reported faulty to QED within the period of 12 months referred to in clause 5.1 above shall be offered to QED for repair instead of replacement and if so repaired shall be returned (at QED’s expense) to and accepted by the Buyer.

5.4. QED shall not be liable for the Goods failure to comply with the manufactures warranty and shall be entitled to charge to and be paid by the Buyer all costs (including carriage and administration costs) for replacement of or repair or attempted repair of any faults in any goods reported to QED as faulty where the fault has been caused by the Buyer, his employee, contractor or agent, the Buyer’s customer or any other third party or by any factor relevant to use of the goods for some purpose other than that or outside the operational parameters for which the goods in question were designed or where the Customer makes further use of the Goods after giving notice under clause 5.3.

5.5. Any notification of a claim for replacement or repair of goods alleged by the Buyer to be faulty must be given or confirmed in writing to QED and thereafter the Buyer shall have a maximum period of 14 days (as to which time shall be of the essence) within which to returnthe goods to QED if practicable to do so, or, if it is not practicable to return the goods to QED, within which to specify why return is not practicable and to offer QED a reasonable opportunity of inspecting the goods in question on site, and failure to comply strictly with the requirements of this clause 5.5 shall be deemed a waiver by the Buyer of all and any claims he may have against QED arising out of or in respect of or relation to the allegedly defective goods and/or the supply thereof.

5.6. Except as provided in this clause 5, the Company shall have no liability to the Customer in respect of the goods failure to comply with the manufacturer’s warranty.

6. Limitations of Liability

6.1. Without prejudice to any other exclusions of liability or other provisions contained in these terms and conditions or other exclusions applicable under Statute or Common Law, QED shall have no liability in respect of any goods alleged to be defective and/or the supply of such goods:-

6.1.1. where the defect has been caused by the buyer, his employee, his sub-contractor, his agent, his customer or any other third party who may have handled or otherwise acted upon the goods after they left the possession of QED.

6.1.2. if the goods have not been paid for in full.

6.1.3. where the goods have not been used or assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

6.1.4. where refurbished goods have been ordered and supplied.

6.1.5. where goods have been short delivered or damaged in transit.

6.1.6. if QED have not been given an opportunity, in circumstances in which the provision of such an opportunity could reasonably have been given, to remedy any matter complained of and for which QED might otherwise have been liable.

6.1.7. where the matter complained of is covered by a policy of insurance issued by the Buyer’s insurers.

6.1.8. for any matters which are or were at any relevant time outside QED’s reasonable control.

6.1.9. for errors in details and/or specification supplied by the Buyer which give rise to failures in systems and/or products.

6.2. Subject to clause 6.9, QEDs total liability to the Buyer in respect of all other losses arising under of in connection with the Contract, whether in contract, tort (including negligence), breach of statutory duty, or otherwise shall in no circumstances exceed the price paid for the goods supplied by QED to which such claim relates and in particular but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing QED shall have no liability to the Buyer for:

a) Consequential Loss (including loss of profit and/or damage to goodwill)

b) Economic or other similar losses

c) Damages and indirect losses

d) Business interruption or loss of business, contracts or opportunity.

6.3. All goods supplied shall be manufactured in accordance with all applicable British Standards which relate specifically to those goods.

6.4. QED may from time to time make changes in the specification of goods which are required to comply with any applicable safety or statutory requirements or which do not materially affect the quality or fitness for purpose of such goods.

6.5. Any contractual description of any goods by QED relates to the identity of those goods but only if it relates to a central characteristic of the goods or to a substantial ingredient in their identity.

6.6. QED warrants that goods supplied will at the time of delivery correspond to the description applied to them by QED.

6.7. Save as herein specifically stated to the contrary all terms, conditions, warranties and representations (whether implied or made expressly) whether by QED its servants or agents or otherwise relating to the quality and/or fitness for the purpose of any goods are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law.

6.8. These conditions shall apply to any repaired or replacement Goods supplied by the Company.

6.9. Nothing in these Conditions shall limit or exclude the Company’s liability for:

a) death or personal injury caused by its negligence, or the negligence of its employees, agents or subcontractors (as applicable);

b) fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation;

c) breach of the terms implied by section 12 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979;

d) defective products under the ConsumerProtection Act 1987; or

e) any matter in respect of which it would be unlawful for the Company to exclude or restrict liability.

7. Price and Payment

7.1. Any proposals or quotations issued by QED are valid for a 14-day period.

7.2. Unless stated otherwise all prices quoted exclude carriage charges and VAT which are payable in addition.

7.3. Payment of all sums invoiced shall be due within 30 days of the date of the invoice but QED shall not be bound to deliver the goods to which an invoice relates until the Buyer has paid for them and if so required by QED payment shall be made before delivery of goods ordered. Delivery and payment are not concurrent conditions. Time for payment after rendering of an invoice shall be of the essence.

7.4. Late payment by the Buyer shall render the Buyer liable to payment of interest and compensation charges in accordance with the provisions of the Late Payment of Commercial Debt Regulations 2002.

7.5. The Buyer shall pay all invoices fully without any set off, deduction, counterclaim or withholding of monies. If the Buyer fails to make any payment on the due date then without prejudice to any of QED’s other rights QED may:

7.5.1. suspend or cancel deliveries of any articles due to the Buyer; and/or

7.5.2. appropriate any payment made by the Buyer to such goods supplied under any contract with the Buyer as QED may in its sole discretion think fit.

8. Property

8.1. Goods shall be at the Buyer’s risk as from delivery.

8.2. In spite of delivery having been made property in the Goods shall not pass from QED until the Buyer shall have paid all sums whatever due from the Buyer to QED in respect of the supply of such goods.

8.3. Until property in goods supplied by QED passes to the Buyer in accordance with clause 8.2 the Buyer shall hold goods supplied by QED and each of them on a fiduciary basis as bailee for QED. The Buyer shall store such goods (at no cost to QED) separately from all other goods in its possession and marked in such a way that they are clearly identified as QED’s property.

8.4. Notwithstanding that goods (or any of them) in the Buyer’s possession remain the property of QED the Buyer may sell or use such goods in the ordinary course of the Buyer’s business at full market value for the account of QED. Any such sale or dealing shall be a sale or use of QED’s property by the Buyer on the Buyer’s own behalf and the Buyer shall deal as principal when making such sales or dealings. Until property in such goods passes from QED the entire proceeds of sale or otherwise of such goods shall be held in trust for QED and shall not be mixed with other money or paid into any overdrawn bank account and shall be at all material times identified as QED’s money.

8.5. QED shall be entitled to recover the price of the goods plus VAT and any associated charges such as carriage costs notwithstanding that property in any of the goods supplied by QED has not passed from QED.

8.6. Until such time as property in goods supplied by QED passes from QED the Buyer shall upon request deliver up to QED such of those goods as have not ceased to be in existence or resold. If the Buyer fails to do so QED may enter upon any premises owned occupied or controlled by the Buyer where such goods are situated and repossess those goods. On the making of such request the rights of the Buyer under clause 8.4 shall cease.

8.7. The Buyer shall not pledge or in any way charge by way of security for any indebtedness any goods which are the property of QED. Without prejudice to the other rights of QED, if the Buyer does so all sums whatever owing by the Buyer to QED shall forthwith become due and payable.

8.8. The Buyer shall insure and keep insured all goods supplied by QED in which title has not yet passed to the Buyer to the full cost thereof (as chargeable by QED) against ‘all risks’ to the reasonable satisfaction of QED until the date that property in such goods passes from QED, and shall whenever requested by QED produce a copy of the policy of insurance. Without prejudice to the other rights of QED, if the Buyer fails to do so all sums whatever owing by the Buyer to QED shall forthwith become due and payable.

8.9. The Buyer shall promptly deliver the prescribed particulars of this contract to the Registrar in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 Part 25 as amended. Without prejudice to the other rights of QED, if the Buyer fails to do so all sums whatever owing by the Buyer to QED shall forthwith become due and payable.

9. Insolvency or Other Default of Buyer

9.1. If the Buyer fails to make payment for the Goods in accordance with the contract of sale or commits any other breach of the contract of sale or if any distress or execution shall be levied upon any of the Buyer’s goods or if the Buyer offers to make any arrangement with its creditors or if any bankruptcy petition is presented against the Buyer or the Buyer is unable to pay its debts as they fall due or if being a limited company any resolution or petition to wind up the Buyer (other than for the purpose of amalgamation or reconstruction without insolvency) shall be passed or presented or if a receiver, administrator, administrative receiver or manager shall be appointed over the whole or any part of the Buyer’s business or assets or if the Buyer shall suffer any analogous proceedings under foreign law all sums outstanding in respect of the Goods shall become payable immediately. QED may in its absolute discretion and without prejudice to any other rights which it may have:

9.1.1. suspend all future deliveries of Goods to the Buyer and/or terminate any contract with the Buyer without liability upon its part; and/or

9.1.2. exercise any of its rights pursuant to clause 8.

10. Force Majeure QED shall be relieved of its obligations hereunder whenever and to the extent to which fulfilment is prevented, frustrated or impeded as a consequence of any cause outside the reasonable control of QED including (but not limited to) Acts of God, fire, flood, war or civil disturbance or riot, acts of Government, currency restriction or fluctuation, labour disputes, strikes, failure of energy sources or transport network, malicious damage, breakdown of plant or machinery, unavailability of materials, natural disasters or extreme adverse weather conditions or failure of supplier or subcontractor to deliver on time.

11. Proper Law of Contract

11.1. These terms and conditions and all contracts governed by the same are subject to the law of England and Wales.

11.2. If any dispute or difference shall arise between the parties as to the meaning of any contract governed by these terms and conditions or any matter or thing arising out of or connected with such a contract then if (and only if) QED shall in its absolute discretion so elect it shall be referred to the determination of an arbitrator to be appointed by agreement of the parties or (in default of agreement within 21 days of the service upon one party of a written request to concur in such appointment) by the President for the time being of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators.

12. Third Party Rights The provisions of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 shall not apply to this contract and a person who is not a party to this contract shall have no right under that Act to enforce any term of the contract.

13. Assignment and Other Dealings

a) The Company may at any time assign, transfer, mortgage, charge, subcontract or deal in any other manner with all or any of its rights or obligations under the Contract.

b) The Customer may not assign, transfer, mortgage, charge, subcontract, declare a trust over or deal in any other manner with any or all of its rights or obligations under the Contract without the prior written consent of the Company.

14. Notices

a) Any notice or other communication given to a party under or in connection with the Contract shall be in writing, addressed to that party at its registered office (if it is a company) or its principal place of business (in any other case) or such other address as that party may have specified to the other party in writing in accordance with this clause, and shall be delivered personally, sent by pre-paid first class post or other next working day delivery service, commercial courier, fax or e-mail.

b) A notice or other communication shall be deemed to have been received: if delivered personally, when left at the address referred to in clause 14(a); if sent by pre-paid first class post or other next working day delivery service, at 9.00 am on the second Business Day after posting; if delivered by commercial courier, on the date and at the time that the courier’s delivery receipt is signed; or, if sent by fax or e-mail, one Business Day after transmission.

c) The provisions of this clause shall not apply to the service of any proceedings or other documents in any legal action. 15. Severance

a) If any provision or part-provision of the Contract is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted. Any modification to or deletion of a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of the Contract.

b) If any provision or part-provision of this Contract is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the parties shall negotiate in good faith to amend such provision so that, as amended, it is legal, valid and enforceable, and, to the greatest extent possible, achieves the intended commercial result of the original provision.

16. Waiver

A waiver of any right or remedy under the Contract or law is only effective if given in writing and shall not be deemed a waiver of any subsequent breach or default. No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under the Contract or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.

The commonly asked questions surrounding switches

Network switches are essential components in modern computer networks, enabling devices to communicate efficiently. However, not all switches are created equal. In this guide, we will answer some commonly asked questions surrounding switches and some of their protocols.

What is PoE?

A technology that allows electrical power and data to be transmitted over a single cable. It is used for devices such as IP cameras, wireless access points, and VoIP phones.

There are three main types of PoE: PoE (IEEE 802.3af), PoE+ (IEEE 802.3at), and PoE++ (IEEE 802.3bt). The original PoE standard provides up to 15.4W of DC power, while PoE+ supports up to 30W, and PoE++ delivers up to 90W. Each standard caters to different power requirements, allowing for a broader range of devices to be powered via PoE.

What is the difference between Unmanaged and Managed switches?

When selecting the right type of switch to meet your needs, one consideration is whether to use a managed or an unmanaged switch. The key difference is in the amount of control and security you have over the settings of the switch. 

Unmanaged switches are designed to just plug in and run, with no settings to configure. These are fine to use in small networks with only basic needs. Managed switches, however, are fully configurable, are customisable, and provide a range of data on performance. Those attributes make them more suitable for larger networks and networks supporting critical activities.

What are the differences between layer 1, 2 and 3 switches?

Layer 1 switches, often referred to as physical layer switches or unmanaged switches, are the simplest form of network switches.

These switches operate at the physical layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model and are primarily responsible for transmitting data frames between devices. Here’s what sets them apart:

Functionality: Layer 1 switches operate at the lowest layer of the OSI model. They lack the intelligence and capabilities to inspect or understand the data they are handling. Essentially, they function like network hubs, sending data to all connected devices without any form of filtering or decision-making.
Use Cases: Layer 1 switches are typically used in small, basic networks where there is no need for advanced features like VLAN support, Quality of Service (QoS), or network segmentation. They are cost-effective and straightforward, making them suitable for home networks or simple office setups.
Scalability: These switches are limited in terms of scalability and often come with a fixed number of ports. They are not suitable for larger or more complex networks.

Layer 2 switches, also known as data link layer switches or Ethernet switches, operate at the data link layer of the OSI model. They offer more advanced features compared to Layer 1 switches:

Functionality: Layer 2 switches are capable of making decisions based on the Media Access Control (MAC) addresses of devices connected to them. They build and maintain MAC address tables, allowing them to forward data frames only to the port where the destination device resides. This reduces network congestion and improves efficiency.
Use Cases: Layer 2 switches are commonly used in local area networks (LANs) and can support features like Virtual LANs (VLANs), which enable network segmentation for better security and traffic management. They are suitable for most enterprise and small to medium-sized business networks.
Scalability: Layer 2 switches come in various port configurations and can be scaled to accommodate larger networks. However, they do not possess routing capabilities, limiting their usefulness in more complex networks.

Layer 3 switches, also known as network layer switches or multilayer switches, operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. They offer the highest level of functionality and intelligence among the three types of switches:

Functionality: Layer 3 switches combine the capabilities of Layer 2 switches with routing functionality. They can make routing decisions based on IP addresses, allowing them to route traffic between different IP subnets or VLANs within a network. This makes them suitable for routing between LANs or even acting as a router for smaller networks.
Use Cases: Layer 3 switches are ideal for medium to large-scale networks where inter-VLAN routing, routing between different IP subnets, and advanced network features like Access Control Lists (ACLs) and Quality of Service (QoS) are required. They are commonly found in enterprise networks and data centres.
Scalability: Layer 3 switches come with various port configurations, making them suitable for networks of different sizes. They are highly scalable and can handle complex routing requirements.

What is Spanning Tree Protocol?

Spanning Tree Protocol (SPT) is a very useful layer2 protocol which helps build a loop free logical topology for networks, it prevents bridge loops and broadcast radiation throughout a network which could ultimately crash the network.

What is VLAN?

A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a virtualised connection that connects multiple devices and network nodes from different LANs into one logical network.

How does a VLAN work?

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) separate an existing physical network into multiple logical networks. Thus, each VLAN creates its own broadcast domain. Communication between two VLANs can only occur through a router that is connected to both. VLANs work as though they are created using independent switches.

Can you connect multiple Switches?

There are a lot of ways to connect switches. You can daisy chain them, star link them, cascade them, cluster them or stack them. In most modern networks, cascades, clusters, and stacks tend to be more prevalent.

What does Duplex and Half Duplex Mean?

The primary difference between half-duplex and full-duplex is their mode of communication. Full-duplex enables simultaneous two-way communication, meaning devices can send and receive data at the same time. Half-duplex permits two-way communication but not simultaneously; a device must wait for the other to finish transmitting before it can respond. In a half-duplex system, both parties can communicate with each other, but not simultaneously; the communication is one direction at a time.

How Do I configure Ports?

Configuring switch ports involves several steps to ensure proper network connectivity and security. Here are the general steps for configuring switch ports:

1. Access the Switch: First, you need to access the switch’s management interface. This can be done via a web browser (using the switch’s IP address), a command-line interface (CLI) through SSH or Telnet, or a physical console connection.

2. Identify the Port: Determine which port you want to configure. Ports are usually labelled numerically (e.g., Gigabit Ethernet 1/0/1 or Fast Ethernet 0/1).

3. Assign VLANs: If your switch supports virtual LANs (VLANs), assign the appropriate VLAN(s) to the port. VLANs allow you to segment the network for better organisation and security.

4. Configure Speed and Duplex: Set the speed (e.g., 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps) and duplex mode (half or full) for the port. This ensures compatibility with connected devices.

5. Enable or Disable Port Security: You can enable features like MAC address filtering, limiting the number of allowed MAC addresses, or enabling sticky MAC addresses. These help prevent unauthorised devices from connecting to the port.

6. Configure Port Mode: Decide whether the port should be an access port (for connecting end devices) or a trunk port (for connecting to other switches). Trunk ports carry traffic for multiple VLANs.

7. Set Port Description: Add a description to the port for documentation purposes. This helps identify the purpose of the port.

8. Apply Quality of Service (QoS): If needed, configure QoS settings to prioritise certain types of traffic (e.g., voice or video) over others.

9. Enable or Disable Spanning Tree Protocol (STP): STP prevents loops in the network by blocking redundant paths. By default, most switches have STP enabled.

10. Save Configuration: After making changes, save the configuration to the switch’s memory so that it persists after a reboot.

What is an uplink port?

The UPLINK port is a special port that is used to connect the virtual switch to a physical switch – essentially bridging the virtual switch’s simulated network to a physical network.

What is an SFP used for?

An SFP module is used to interconnect fibre cables to network switches and other communication devices, such as industrial Ethernet switches and media converters.

What is the difference between RJ45 and SFP?

While RJ45 ports may serve sufficiently for shorter distances with lower costs, SFP ports offer superior security, reliability, and future-proofing. Both port types have their merits, and the most suitable one is contingent on your unique situation.

How do I know what SFPs I need?

In summary, determining which SFP to use involves considering the distance and bandwidth requirements of your network. Single-mode SFPs are suitable for long distances and higher data rates, while multimode SFPs are more cost-effective for shorter distances and lower bandwidth needs.

How to identify single-mode and multimode SFP?

An easy and quick way is to distinguish the colour of the SFP module Bale Clasp. SFP with black colour-coded Bale Clasp stands for multimode SFP, while SFP Bale Clasp in blue, yellow, red refers to single-mode SFP.

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